DEFINITION DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
Discourse
analysis is sometimes defined as the analysis of language 'beyond the
sentence'. This contrasts with types of analysis more typical of modern
linguistics, which are chiefly concerned with the study of grammar: the study
of smaller bits of language, such as sounds (phonetics and phonology), parts of
words (morphology), meaning (semantics), and the order of words in sentences
(syntax). Discourse analysts study larger chunks of language as they flow
together.
Discourse
analysis (DA), or
discourse studies, is a general term for a number of approaches to
analyze written, vocal, or sign language use, or any significant semiotic event.
“Discourse analysis is concerned with language use as a social phenomenon and therefore
necessarily goes beyond one speaker or one newspaper article to
find features which have a more generalized relevance. This is a potentially
confusing point because the publication of research findings is generally
presented through examples and the analyst may choose a single example or case
to exemplify the features to be discussed, but those features are only of
interest as a social, not individual, phenomenon."
(Stephanie
Taylor, What is Discourse Analysis? Bloomsbury, 2013)
“Discourse
analysis is not only about method; it is also a perspective on the nature of
language and its relationship to the central issues of the social sciences.
More specifically, we see discourse analysis as a related collection of
approaches to discourse, approaches that entail not only practices of data
collection and analysis, but also a set of meta theoretical and theoretical
assumptions and a body of research claims and studies."
(Linda Wood
and Rolf Kroger, Doing Discourse Analysis. Sage, 2000)
"In
contrast, the analysis of discourse . . . is typically based
on the linguistic output of
someone other than the analyst. . . . More typically, the discourse analyst's
'data' is taken from written texts or tape recordings. It is rarely in the form
of a single sentence. The type of linguistic material is sometimes described as
'performance data' and may contain features such as hesitations, slips, and non-standard
forms which a linguist like Chomsky (1965)
believed should not have to be accounted for in the grammar of a
language."
(G. Brown and G. Yule, Discourse Analysis.
Cambridge University Press, 1983)
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